To populate /dev, use a bind mount (rbind=recursive bind, to catch /dev/pts):
outside# mount --rbind /dev /path/to/chroot/dev
You may also want to bind other things, like /home and /tmp (to make sharing files easier). Just remember to unmount them before rmĀ -Rf'ing your chroot!
You can put bind mounts in fstab. I believe that'd look something like this:
/dev /chroot/dev none rbind 0 0
You may need to set up udev to set proper permissions on your USB device. For example, here are the udev rules I use for my phone:
$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/local-android.rules
ACTION!="add", GOTO="local-android_rules_end"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb_device", GOTO="local-android_rules_real"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", GOTO="local-android_rules_real"
GOTO="local-android_rules_end"
LABEL="local-android_rules_real"
# Mot Droid X
ATTR{idVendor}=="22b8", ATTR{idProduct}=="428c", MODE="660", GROUP="plugdev"
LABEL="local-android_rules_end"