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As I understand to "Root" a device, means to gain privilege to do all sort of things with the device, without restrictions, which probably means "root privilege".
Isn't that what "su" utility provide , i.e. root privilege ? I mean is all we need is to run su in order to have root privilege or are there any additional things, that should be done ?
Yes, the su utility is all you need, but the problem is putting the su binary (basically the .exe of Linux and Linux based-OS's) onto the phone. In order to put su onto the phone, you need root in the first place. su is usually added to the phone by unlocking the bootloader, which allows it to run a recovery which can flash su onto the phone.
In Android, all applications have User ID numbers. These ID numbers let the OS identify the apps and what privileges they have and to what they can access to.
There is a special user, whose ID number is 0. That is the root user and it has all privileges and can access everything.
When you root your device, you add a binary that lets other apps run with the privileges of the root user. The moderation of this binary is usually done with a GUI application like SuperSU.
Alternative methods of rooting have been invented after Android 6.0 implemented new bug fixes that prevented the traditional method from being used.
Also, with the introduction of SEAndroid, root user too now can be enforced to act in a way that it doesn't have limitless power anymore.
su did you use? Most su binaries usually reply to the calls made by the apps in accordance with the lists generated by the GUI management apps like SuperSU.
That's partly correct but you also need some way to manage root applications and deal with prompts. This is called a root manager. Some include SuperSU, Superuser, etc.
