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In Why can't Windows detect phones, even when the USB driver is installed?, @Robert says:

And that Odin works at the same time is because Odin uses different drivers. From the perspective of your computer you have 3 USB devices, one for MTP, one for adb and one for Odin.

One can confirm this by going to Device Manager → View → Devices by connection:

What are the differences between them? Are there any other kind of driver? And which one is the Samsung USB Driver for Windows?

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    On your picture, the 1st is for transferring files (MTP: Media Transfer Protocol), the 2nd is for comms via adb (also fastboot), the 3rd to use your phone as a modem to connect the PC to internet via your phone.
    – Reddy Lutonadio
    Dec 26, 2020 at 14:37
  • Each USB device requires it's own special driver. As I wrote from the perspective of Windows these are three more or less independent USB devices. And for what they are used is pretty clear by their name.
    – Robert
    Dec 26, 2020 at 15:05
  • @ReddyLutonadio that would be a great answer. If you expand it to be an answer, I'll accept it.
    – Ooker
    Dec 26, 2020 at 17:17
  • sounds like Win 10 MTP bug sometimes you can fix by switching between MTP <-> PTP modes until Win will re-detect device (and maybe re-install drivers)
    – alecxs
    Dec 26, 2020 at 17:24
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    @ReddyLutonadio adb / fastboot are different modes with different drivers too
    – alecxs
    Dec 26, 2020 at 17:30

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On your picture, the 1st is for transferring files (MTP: Media Transfer Protocol), the 2nd is for comms via adb (also fastboot), the 3rd to use your phone as a modem to connect the PC to internet via your phone.

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