I have hit the same problem with a couple of apps on an Android phone. The phone has no issue with Internet access using wi-fi. Web browsing and other apps run ok. However, two apps hit connectivity issues when the phone is on wi-fi. During the moments I am facing the problem, if I turn off wi-fi so that Internet connectivity switches to cellular (4G), the apps breeze through immediately.
It so happens that both apps are finance apps. One is a bank's app and the other is a payment app. Both are not related to telcos, ie they don't use cellular for authentication. They have been working fine on wi-fi all along until recently.
What could possibly explain this behavior?