lpmake complaining about not having enough space

Question

I am trying, following this tutorial, to re-package a super.img file, but am confused by lpmake.

I am trying to package the following 3 images:

partition	size
lineage-18.1-20220511-UNOFFICIAL-arm64_avS.img	2035568640
vendor.img	312594432
product.img	1945939968
total	4294103040

using the command

lpbinary/binary/lpmake \
    --metadata-size 65536 --metadata-slots 1 --device super:4294103040 \
    --group main:4294103040 --partition system:readonly:2035568640:main \
    --image system=./lineage-18.1-20220511-UNOFFICIAL-arm64_avS.img \
    --partition vendor:readonly:312594432:main --image vendor=./vendor.img \
    --partition product:readonly:1945939968:main --image product=./product.img \
    --sparse --output ./super.new.img

and I get back:

lpmake I 06-14 05:43:50  7411  7411 builder.cpp:1012] [liblp]Partition system will resize from 0 bytes to 2035568640 bytes
lpmake I 06-14 05:43:50  7411  7411 builder.cpp:1012] [liblp]Partition vendor will resize from 0 bytes to 312594432 bytes
lpmake E 06-14 05:43:50  7411  7411 builder.cpp:698] [liblp]Not enough free space to expand partition: product
Not enough space on device for partition product with size 1945939968

I don't know the size of my super partition, so I simply set --device super:4294103040, thinking that the sum of the images should hold on a partition of the same size.

Why is this not working? Does the partition needs to be bigger than the image? If yes, by which factor?