Google maps just shows a big circle (maybe 2 miles / 5 km) around my approximate location. Because of this, I cannot use it for navigation.
If I use OsmAnd~ (an alternative maps program), it can find my approximate location (< 100 m / 100 yards) instantly and my precise location within about 5 seconds. So at least other apps are able to find my location.
My goal is to limit talking to Google servers as much as practical. Unfortunately, the setting names themselves are not obvious regarding how much information it will cause to be shared with Google, so I am hesitant to experiment and turn them on.
Here are things that may affect Google Maps:
Settings -> Location: This is turned on. Maps and OsmAnd~ both are allowed the location.
Settings -> Location -> Location Services:
On: Earthquake alerts
On: Emergency Location Service
Off: Google Location Accuracy
Off: Google Location History
Off: Google Location Sharing
Off: Wi-Fi scanning
Off: Bluetooth scanning
Off: Carrier Location Access
Within Google Maps, if I go to its settings, there is a "Location accuracy tips" item, which when selected brings up a dialog that says "To continue, turn on device location, which uses Google's location service". I am hesitant to say OK, since it should not need to use Location Services which talk to Google servers.
The phone is a Moto G Stylus 5G (2022), running Android 12.