I have a micro-usb headphone (from my LG GS155 phone that is a feature phone).
I plugged it to my Xperia Mini Pro (Android 4.0) but it did not work.
Is Micro-USB headphone supported by Android? How does it should be configured to work?
The “Micro-USB” headphone used by LG GS155 is not really an USB device — it just uses the USB connector for the same analog audio signals as in usual 3.5 or 2.5 mm round connectors. Look at the MicroUSB to 3.5 or 2.5 jack headset pinout.
In order to work with such headsets, the phone needs to have the appropriate hardware to detect the type of connected device and switch functions of USB port pins from USB to analog audio. It is highly unlikely that the phone will have such hardware if it also has a standard 3.5 or 2.5 mm audio connector. Even older HTC phones using the proprietary “ExtUSB” connector compatible with Mini-USB did not switch pin functions when a headset is connected — they used separate pins for audio.
The only way to connect this headphone to your new phone is to build an adapter with a 3.5 mm plug and a Micro-USB Type B receptacle connector, so that the headphone will be connected to the audio circuit through the 3.5 mm audio connector on the phone.
Looks like a driver is definitely needed at least.
Take a look at this XDA post and this Acer Tablet Forum post.