As confirmed by OP this app resolved the problem App Picker Classic. From app description
If you have app choices that are currently hidden - maybe you chose "Always" by accident once, but you'd like to be able to reinstate the app and choose each time - then reset these by clearing the defaults in the application manager of your phone/tablet.
Once you clear the defaults in app settings, and try to upload this app would appear in the choices (in addition to 4 options: Camera, Camcorder, Sound Recorder and Gallery). Using this app you can select the file explorer app on your device to select the file you wish to upload
In addition, this app permits working with some app intents and resolves common URLs.
Note: Solution below did not work for OP but I am retaining it since it worked for me, and may help someone else too
It is possible by Local Storage App which doesn't offer a UI (though it does have) but integrates with Android system to pick all files from within the device and on external SD.
Tested on Samsung Note 2 running custom ROM 4.4.2 using Chrome 53.0.2785.124
in desktop mode ( latest on Play Store)
Local Storage uses the new Storage Access Framework to allow other applications to read or write any file in your primary storage and read from secondary external storage devices (such as SD cards). On Android 5.0+ devices, you can also select entire directories and rename files.
Documentation on App Github says it is compatible with API 19 upwards
Example
Uploading a .pdf
to PDF to doc site . Steps are shown sequentially in the panel of screen shots
Click upload
Choose documents option
From the selection panel offered by the App choose the upload file location ( external SD in my case)
Selected pdf
file being uploaded
pdf
file uploaded and converted to doc