I have OnePlus 6T device which has A/B partition system and has a ROM of user type i.e `[ro.build.type]: [user]`. This device is rooted with Magisk. I have a requirement([Want to place customized sepolicy file under system_root directory][1]) to modify `system.img`. I have tried different tools like: 1. [simg2img][2] : ``` OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-15-dc0xxx:~/WorkArea/img-tools$ ./simg2img system.img sys.raw Invalid sparse file format at header magi Failed to read sparse file OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-15-dc0xxx:~/WorkArea/img-tools$ ``` 2. [imgtools][3] ``` OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-15-dc0xxx:~/WorkArea/imgtool$ sudo ./imgtool system.img extract [sudo] password for OMEN: system.img is not a recognized image. Sorry OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-15-dc0xxx:~/WorkArea/imgtool$ ``` 3. and more tools even on windows.. but none of them is capable of parsing my `system.img`. I have copied `system.img` directly from OnePlus6T ROM setup which installs Android 9 on this device without any issue. Any help on: 1. How to fix the system.img so it will be extracted and repacked fine? 2. Any command that can unpack/repack system.img? 3. Any working tool to accomplish this task? **Update 1**: I have run `file system.img` and I found that its ext2 image and the tools support ext4. ``` system.img: Linux rev 1.0 ext2 filesystem data, UUID=d09c08e9-628d-590e-a610-3a14de2a8db0 (extents) (large files) (huge files) ``` **Update 2**: Tried to find the magic number and have following result: ``` OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-15-dc0xxx:~/WorkArea/imgtool$ xxd system.img | head 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000010: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000060: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000070: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000080: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ 00000090: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ OMEN-by-HP-Laptop-15-dc0xxx:~/WorkArea/imgtool$ ``` [1]: https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/215800/how-to-disable-dm-verity-on-android-with-user-type-rom?noredirect=1#comment276509_215800 [2]: https://www.china-devices.com/forum/index.php?threads/how-to-properly-unpack-and-repack-android-system-img-for-sp-flash-tool.18739/ [3]: http://newandroidbook.com/tools/imgtool.html